Monday, May 4, 2009


Diversity is a state of variety in which every person is respected for who they are, for their moral compass, and for the talents and abilities they bring to the table. Without ignoring a person’s background, culture or upbringing, embracing diversity means being able to appreciate every aspect of a person’s identity without downgrading them on traits such as race, religion, ethnicity or class. 

Diversity provides people with incredible opportunities to grow and learn from others.

I experience and embrace diversity every day. As a causcasian female pursuing dual degrees in Public Relations and African American Studies, I encounter students, professors and business people from every walk of life representing a variety of backgrounds, religions and cultures. While I find myself interestingly enough in the "minority," this unique experience has afforded me the opportunity to sit in classes and work in corporate environments where dialogue is encouraged and tough topics are explored with honesty and emotion. Personal interaction with people from other cultures, countries, races, backgrounds and religions has enabled me to grow into a much more understanding and empathetic person. As a result of these interactions and having been raised in a family that taught respect and consideration for others, no matter what their color or creed, I wholeheartedly embrace the world with a broader perspective. I have learned from parents, peers, professors and employers that fullness of life is experienced at its highest level when you open your world to others who are not necessarily just like you. 

A question I have sadly come to expect when someone glances at my resume and sees my so-called “interesting choice” in majors is “Why are you an African and African-American Studies major?” My answer resides in the truth reflected in this quote:  "Our prejudices arise from the fear of things we do not understand. If my generation has a single goal, it must be to promote education - education that advances us not only technologically, but also intuitively and emotionally...It is our responsibility to force ourselves beyond our comfort zones and become knowledgeable about the people around us." (Jessica Arden Ettinger)

The reason this course of study is so intriguing to me is that race, gender, and class along with other subject-matter intertwine to cause an abundance of issues that we must deal with in everyday life. We discuss real people experiencing real as it happens day-to-day. By approaching diversity experientially, relationally, intellectually, and culturally, the lessons learned can be and should be incorporated into a style of living. Therein lies my personal commitment to embracing and welcoming diversity. I find this absolutely necessary because we are talking about the same diverse audience that I will be reaching in my future media profession on a continuous basis.

The golf industry is a perfect example of an industry that thrives on diversity because players are not measured by the color of their skin, but rather, by their talent, perseverence, and the attitude with which they approach the game. The golf industry should be concerned with diversity because it is in a position in which golfers from across the world are bringing to the table unparalleled talent, ability, drive, and passion for the game.  Thus, media coverage must not judge based on color or accent, but rather, a player's score and more importantly, the way he or she plays the game. To encourage such diversity means that the golf industry is able to draw a myriad of impeccable players to its tournaments. To ascribe to diversity means that the the golf industry and media can partner together to eradicate the borders…and even the barriers between nations. As the sports industry incorporates diverse players every day, the media must catch the wave of change and be willing to change as well. If both the sports and media industries can embrace diversity, they will benefit and grow from a wide variety of vastly different experiences, perspectives, opinions, skill sets, technologies and trends that comes only from acceptance and inclusion of others from all walks of life.       

In addition, for the past two years, I was fortunate to have been chosen for a summer internship with the PGA of America (Northern Texas Section). During my time with the NTPGA, I found that the mix of working students was far different than that of my previous working experiences. This group of interns came from all walks of life, from all over the United States and represented a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Some interns were male, some were female. Some had physical disabilities; others did not. Some had graduated from college; many were college students. Some had played golf their entire lives, while others knew very little about the game, the rules, the etiquette or the scoring. While these many differences presented obstacles, focusing on the positive and making the most of these differences contributed to the overall success of the program.  

My co-workers :) 



While all interns were expected to know everything about tournament operations, it became apparent that some were more comfortable in, or even better suited for certain roles within the overall context of the tournament. Day after day, it was increasingly evident that encouraging each to function in their individual specialties, whether it was setting up the course, hospitality, scoring, oversight and rules, interacting with club staff, junior golfers or their parents, contributed significantly to the accomplishments of the team. At the same time, all who were willing and open-minded were able to benefit from the expertise of the others and grow in their professional knowledge and understanding of the game. While important for each intern to be able to step in and fill the role of another, if necessary, each “specialist” performed optimally when allowed to use their respective and unique talents and abilities, knowledge, experience and personality to contribute to the success of the program. 

This experience reinforces the fact that there are more important things to concentrate on other than the color of one’s skin, one’s socioeconomic background, one’s ethnicity, the way someone dresses or the way they speak. It is important in our industry to not only listen to, but hear what others say. We must observe what others do best, applaud their efforts and cheer them on to success. We must be helpful, considerate and respectful towards peers, players, club general managers, sponsors and golf pros. We must not judge or exclude others based upon external qualities such as the color of their skin or the disability they bear. We must empathize with other’s uncertainties, their training needs and even sometimes, their fears. We must build upon the strengths and the unique life experiences of each team member. We must allow each to function within their area of expertise, but encourage all to grow in areas where they might not be so proficient. 

By overlooking each others’ differences, by ignoring racial or class-oriented biases, by choosing not to judge others, we were able to promote the game of golf, fair play, integrity and discipline through a commitment to organization, camaraderie, teamwork, mutual respect and a deep appreciation for all that made each one distinctive.   

Athletics and the media that cover this industry, in particular, if concerned about diversity, can choose to be a part of the solution to the prejudices and oppressions that are unfortunately prevalent in our world today. Franklin Thomas once said:

“One day our descendants will think it incredible that we paid so much attention to things like the amount of melanin in our skin or the shape of our eyes or our gender instead of the unique identities of each of us as complex human beings.”

I would love to see this day come because of the efforts of young people like me. The world truly is changing. My generation has the opportunity to make changes that have been unsuccessfully attempted for decades. If these industries - industries that reach billions of people daily - are able to incorporate diversity in new and innovative ways, imagine the progress they could help to inspire in larger society. This is one of the many reasons I want to be a part of this dynamic and intriguing process as a sports media professional. 

 

Friday, April 24, 2009

Hip-Hop...The Real Deal?

An attempt to define hip-hop...
Before starting the investigational portion of this assignment, this question would have been very difficult for me to answer. In reality, I still do not have a full understanding of the entire scope of hip-hop and cannot fully express all of the elements that make up the genre. Except for in recent years, I had never truly been introduced to hip-hop or the culture it comes from or that it can possibly produce. Having been under the tutelage and guidance of a largely conservative Caucasian influence for the majority of my life, this was not a realm that I learned much about. My parents never listened to hip-hop. My peers in school were directly opposed to some of the values that are expressed in lyrics of hip-hop music.  Plus, I try to avoid listening to music with a lot of objectionable language imbedded in the lyrics. The rhythm, rhyme, lyrics and style of hip-hop, however, can appeal to a vast audience, regardless of race, if they share similar experiences or appreciate the same musical qualities.  Especially today when “pop-y” sounds have been given to much of the hip-hop industries’ work, more and more people are being drawn to the genre. Artists like Danity Kane are sometimes placed next to artists like Ludacris. However, for the most part, true hip-hop is THOUGHT to be directly associated with African-Americans. The music has an overwhelmingly charged backbone, in which certain life experiences, desires, lifestyles and cultures are described and sometimes promoted. Some content is laced with sexual references, some with mentions of drugs, alcohol and hustling, and some about certain hardships life throws at people.  

A few hip-hop artists that are new to me are: 

DMX

Gucci Mane

Ice Berg

Ice Cube

2pac

Nas


Some of the music videos I had not seen before are: 

  • “Hi Hater” (Original version) by Maino: The overall premise of the song/video can be seen in this selection of the song’s lyrics “ You see me,
Hustle hard, Stack paper,
It's alright, y’all haters,
It's nothing, We major…Yeah, Dolla Bills ya'll, Lotta bills y'all,
New year tryna touch me a mill y’all,
Came up now, I'm what's up now,
When you shine all these haters wanna talk down,
I don't feel a way about what a n**** say,
It's alright love, I let a hater hate…When they hate on you, then you know you doin somethin”
  • “Be a N***** Too” by Nas: The song describes exactly what it is to be a “N*****”, including what experiences it requires, etc. The video shows a lot of guns, tense relationships between blacks and whites (except Eminem) and even includes a shot of a KKK Klansmen.  It also shows African-American prisoners in hand cuffs and a lynching… To view the artist's myspace page, see http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=259106729
  • “Magnificent” by Rick Ross: “Ain't nothin free, I'm chargin' to breathe air, if it's not a Maybach, really who da hell cares?
My money long, My n**** my money strong, If you ain't gettin' money dat mean you done somethin' wrong (Boss!)”... aka money makes you worth something and it makes people want and respect you.
  • “One More Drink” by Ludacris: If you've heard the term "beer goggles" you might get an idea of what the premise of this video was... “And you know how far one drink could go,
Start slurrin' my speech, Slowin' up da floow,
Hikin' up these skirts,
Climbin' up your shirt,
It's Mr. Latenight Luda and I like to flirt…If I take one more drink, I’m gonna _____”
  • "Just to Fight" by Pastor Troy: “Them n***** came to the club just to fight…All I see is a nigga gettin buck…Oh s***, now a b**** done got slapped…Somebody need to call the police…These n***** don't want no peace…"


Some corporations that have utilized hip-hop to advertise their products are: 

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., makers of Kool cigarettes (see http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/food-stores/4483371-1.html) 

Pepsi (see http://blogcritics.org/archives/2005/03/22/161943.php)


Where else can you find the influence of hip-hop in the media?  What things if any have come from hip-hop and become part of mainstream culture?  

It seems as though the nonchalant use of the term "n*****" in hip-hop has allowed for many people to discount the heavy context of this word. Historically, this word was used as an extremely derogatory term, from the days of slavery throughout the decades following into the years defined by the Civil Rights movement. However, today, it has become a relational term, in some cases, amidst in youthful African-Americans today. But, Caucasians' use of the term is very suspicious. Most do not, and I believe, should not, feel comfortable using it. Yet, in some cases, the thought that the context of the word has changed enables some to feel as though they can sing along to lyrics that use the term and it has no true significance. On the contrary, ask any Black individual how they would feel if a Caucasian referred to him/her as this and the answer is not so nonchalant. 

Also, in the 1990’s gangster genre of film, one can see a heavy influence of hip-hop and all that is entailed in its lyrics. These films portrayed a lifestyle that only some have experienced and is very difficult to fully understand, just as hip-hop music does.  

When we look at an album cover and see (typically) an “explicit” content warning on countless hip-hop artists’ work, some may wonder why this isn’t found in such magnitude on country or pop albums. One reason resounds – the content is heavy. Much of it is real, and most of the content coming from this genre deals with issues that society is not ready to talk about openly. Therefore, when many people think of hip-hop, they simply stereotype the genre by looking at the typical 2009 male hip-hop artist with gold chains, tattoos, a foul mouth, baggy clothing, girls surrounding him, and discount him as just another rapper getting rich off of some production companies’ lyrics. 

As I discovered in this assignment, though the beat maybe be incredible, it can be hard for some people to listen to music that comes from this genre because of the content, language, etc. that is used. They can’t readily relate to it. While learning about these artists, listening to their lyrics, and watching them perform, I felt as though their work was not designed or created for me. Just as some may not listen to country because they don’t identify with the content or message of the songs, I am not in a position where I completely understand every element or image that is being portrayed in hip-hop music. I don’t know what it’s like to hustle drugs to better my economic standing or deal with gunfire and gang violence on the streets of the suburban neighborhood I call home.  

There comes a time when music surpasses beats and rhymes and moves into a very personal experience.  When this shift occurs is the time that many people turn away from hip-hop.  


Friday, April 3, 2009

Things we see daily...Do we pay attention?


1.  LifeSavers Advertisement in Cosmopolitan

When you see a lifesaver, the typical thoughts of sucking on a fruity piece of goodness may pop into your mind.  But, how many WRONG images are directly correlated with that thought-process when a feminine pronoun is implanted in that advertisement? By referring to a cherry lifesaver as “she” and going on to talk about the seemingly innocent but overly vivacious attributes of the same candy is makes "her" popular and always the "first one picked", thoughts of both stereotypical female innocence and overt female sexuality come into play.  Additionally, the thought of the implicit image of a female engaging in the act of sucking on a cherry-flavored hard candy is hard to avoid.

Image obtained from http://faculty.uml.edu/bmarshall/cult%20o2.jpg.

This advertisement portrays women as the fulfillment of men’s fantasies, which further objectifies women.  This harkens back to the days before so-called women’s liberation, when women were supposed to only concentrate on fulfilling their husband’s sexual desires; now, women are supposed to enjoy it, too! Women are to embody angelic ideals of innocence, while also a little naughty, a little wild on the inside to make sure not ALL of the excitement is gone.  BUT, this release of untamed exuberance is to be bottled up and not displayed in public. Outwardly the ideal female is to be pure, subtle, and perfectly refined.  This dual image is what makes a woman desirable.  

Cosmopolitan is a magazine that proclaims to promote the modern, sexually liberated women. The content of this publication centers on outward beauty, sexual independence and career advancement. However, many of the advertisers it promotes contradict the content of the magazine with ads that portray a very different picture of the ideal woman. The ads amidst a plethora of articles promoting individual independence and self-reliance tell women that they remain subservient to men and are present merely to bring them pleasure. The ads, coupled with the content of the publication, which focuses largely on beauty tips, sexual advice, etc. promulgate that which will please guys. Take for instance these themes: “scents that seduce any man” and “how long guys want sex to last.”

2.  E*Trade Singing Baby Commercial, 2009 Super Bowl

In the plethora of commercials in the 2009 Super Bowl, I remember seeing an E*Trade commercial and thinking something about it was just a little bit off.  I watched it again and realized that the black and white hierarchical relationship can be seen in the dialogue between the two babies in this commercial:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBDQ76rQb6A

In the short 32 seconds that the commercial runs, the Caucasian baby “takes charge” of the situation by being a knowledgeable investor while the African-American baby spins off of whatever the white baby says.  He introduces humor into the commercial by being a little left-of-center and not exactly on the same page as the Caucasian child.  By portraying the white child as the intelligent, informed and reasonable of the two babies, the ad makes the black child the hub of humor and the butt of the joke.

3.  Zagar and Steve Bud Light Television Commercial

One of the rampant stereotypes we talked about previously in class regarding the portrayal of American Indians can be directly seen in a series of Bud Light commercials featuring a pair of quirky roommates, one a naïve and violent Indian shown in war paint with a spear and loin cloth, not knowing how to engage in “civilized” behavior.  This commercial openly accosts Native Americans as uncivilized and savage, a stereotype that has been reinforced throughout the decades because of the mainstream’s population lack of understanding of the Indian culture and history.  Moreover, this commercial does absolutely nothing to even attempt to conceal its bigoted viewpoints.  In fact, it blatantly supports such stereotypes by making the Native American a comical character with costumed face paint and scanty clothes running around civilized society. 

Image obtained from http://www.bluecorncomics.com/pics/zagar3.jpg

To view the commercial, visit this link which will take you to Bud Light's web page: http://www.zagarandsteve.com/index.aspx

4.  O Magazine Advertisement Overall Analysis

I found an approximate 5 to 1 ratio of advertisements mainly featuring white women versus minorities in The Oprah Magazine in October of 2008.  THE OPRAH MAGAZINE!...a magazine that is supposed to cater to all women of all types and all circumstances. We all know that Oprah is hailed for her fabulous philanthropic work in countless communities throughout the world as well as for her inspirational outlook on life.  But the in her magazine promote products that do not coincide with Oprah’s “accept you for who you are” outlook.  I noticed that in two different ads, each with a woman looking only slightly aged due to a few wrinkles under her eyes, the product being advertised was an Aveeno crème that would make her look younger. It wasn’t an ad telling women to be happy with who they are or accept the fact that they are aging, accept the fact that they have lived life and earned every wrinkle they may have. Instead, these ads promote a way to rid of any evidence of “prolonged” life in the eyes of a youthful America. 

5. African-American and Asian-American Women in O Advertisments

In one of the ads in Oprah’s magazine with minorities pictured was a young black woman in a Tiffany and Co. advertisement.  However, she was not shown bearing the luminous diamonds and silver chains typically thought of in reference to Tiffany’s, but rather a more naturalistic rendition of an attempt at “African” jewelry—a black cord piecing together large chucks of gold. On the left side of the ad, atop the woman’s shoulder, sits a little green lizard.  In the background, loom a dark grey sky and ocean.  Also, really the only time an Asian-American woman was shown was in a single ad about knowing how to invest properly—typical of the stereotype that portrays Asians as the “model minority.”  These women are readily portrayed as intelligent and successful in business, but not as able to appear many beauty ads.  Also, some ads where African-American women were shown promoted medicines for maladies such as depression or that coincide with Oprah’s “big and beautiful” campaign—not exactly idealized concepts in the American pop-culture. 

6. A Diamond is Forever Magazine Ad Campaign

I also examined a very interesting ad for diamond rings.  The beautiful, sparkly diamond bands hung on sewing pins stuck into a sewing cushion.  The first thing I thought of when I saw this was the impression the advertisement portrays is that a women’s purpose is to find a man who will buy her diamonds, start a family, and “allow” her to fulfill her role as a homemaker.

Image obtained from http://www.counterfeitchic.com/Images/Tab%20half%20ad.jpg

7.  TAB Energy Drink Ad in Vogue

This specific TAB Energy Drink ad stereotypes women in SO many ways. FIRST, it appropriately makes the can of the energy drink specifically targeted at women pink…how cliché.  Also, it makes it seem that women are willing to fake certain things (such as sexual experiences) to make a man happy, but one thing she just can’t stand to fake is her innate fashion sense.  The whole premise of the ad makes women appear both superficial and trifling. 

8.  Colereria Italiana Detergent Television Commercial

An Italian commercial shows a woman shoving her gaunt white husband into a washing machine, adding some Coloreria Italiana (washing detergent) and opening the machine to find a strong, sexy black man has replaced her husband.  The message of the commercial, trying to show how the detergent brings out the vibrant colors in one’s clothes (which will make you never want to change detergents again) and reinforces the “once you go black, you never go back” mantra. The slogan for the detergent is "Coloured is better.”  It also plays with the gender roles because the husband enters the scene trying to be sexy and suave while the wife is in her “rightful place,” slaving over the laundry.

9. H&M Fashions Spread in Glamour

In an H&M Fashions two-page spread in Glamour, four women and three men model the apparel on two planes.  In front, three Caucasian females are easy to be seen with their perfect pale skin and blue eyes glistening. However, on the back line, a single woman of color is almost completely covered by the man in the front and wears a veil that obscures your direct line of vision to her face.  I simply found the placement of this single minority figure in the ad to be inappropriate.  Not only is she put in the back, but also out of view for the most part (or at least not front and center for the world to concentrate on).

10. Crystal Light Ad in Women’s Health

In a Crystal Light ad from Women’s Health, the page is separated into two halves and an image of a female in either half.  On the left side is a black and white portrait of a Caucasian woman, standing motionless in a white lacey dress with a very innocent expression on her face, seemingly quiet and lacking in any type of expressive body language.  She is the typical “ideal woman” of many decades.  On the other side is a African-American woman dancing with a bright orange dress flipping to the side with the motion and curvature of her body.  The image is vivacious and colorful.  Skeptics may want to peruse the image and say that the woman is being portrayed as the typical “loud, obnoxious, attitude-filled” African-American female…Yet, the tag-line reads “Pale is ordinary. One of the crowd. You are one of a kind. Enjoy every wonderful minute.” This ad actually portrays a colored female as beautiful and something to be proud of whereas white is simply the norm…the ordinary.  What is problematic, still, in this portrayal is that one woman is made inferior, while the other is put on a pedestal. While I realize that the ad is simply trying to make a point about how clear water is boring and water filled with Crystal Light flavored powders is better, I wish they could come up with a way to convey the message without making one person superior to another (I know this is very utopian thinking but I'm an optimist!).  

While the media has come a long way in the placement of minorities in advertisements, we still have a long way to go to figure out how to make the portrayals of minority groups in those advertisements equal to that of how the normative standard of young, white, thin, beautiful/handsome, and flawless is depicted.  I have seen that in the magazines I love and in commercials that I view over and over again, are being shown biased images that are leading our world in a way that will not better relationships between people, but further divide and give certain groups a sense of superiority.  It is amazing at how subconscious this act is…how easily one can glance at a picture or a slogan or a TV commercial and not realize the prejudicial messages that he/she is receiving.  When certain symbols are used convey certain messages, specific races are used to convey those messages.  If it’s wild, untamed, bright, loud, or natural, an African-American woman is used. If it’s angelic, picturesque, flawless, or innocent, white females are shown.  When they need a strong, robust man, they use an athletic black male.  When advertisers want to portray a successful, affluent, high-class business-man, a white male is typically shown.  When we finally start looking for them, these stereotypical portrayals are easy to find and even more alarmingly, found great in number.  

However, we must also take into account certain organizations that have gone above and beyond to ensure that their advertisements do not fit the typical molds that the media sets forth today.  Dove, NIKE, and the American Cancer Society have all taken strides to make sure that they are reaching all people of all colors, ethnicities, backgrounds, and ages within their target audiences.  Further, when analyzing advertisements, I believe we must also remember that there are specific target publics that certain products are geared towards, and therefore, those audiences will be more prevalent in their ads. 

However, those who can focus their advertising and marketing strategies toward a wider audience should make sure they take a step back and look at their messages from all angles.  

Perception of advertising tactics is overwhelmingly significant in today’s world because it can “make or break” an organization.  This is due to the fact that advertising is an easy way for people to see what that organization represents and the image it presents to the public.  If that image is composed of racial slurs, gendered stereotypes, and generally prejudiced ways of thinking, an organization is cutting themselves off from many people, limiting their possible connections and potentially their bottom line.